NWS RIVER MECHANICS PAPERS

Fread, D.L., "Some Aspects of Aerated Open Channel Flow at Low Velocities and Shallow Depths," Masters Thesis, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, 1969, 84 pp.

Fread, D.L., "The NWS DAMBRK Model: Theoretical Background/user Documentation," published in-house, Hydrologic Research Lab, June 20, 1988, 306 pp.

Fread, D.L. and Harbaugh, T.E., "Energy Losses Incurred in Aerated Open Channel Flow at Low Velocities and Shallow Depths,:Paper presented at American Geiohysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, December 1969 ,29 pp.

Fread, D.L. and Harbaugh, T.E., "Aerated Open Channel Flow at Low Velocities and Shallow Depths, "Hydraulic Series Bulletin. Civil Engineering Studies, University of Missouri-Rolla. Rolla, Missouri June 1970, 28 pp.

Fread, D.L., and Harbaugh, T.E., "Numerical Simulation of Transient Open Channel Flow," Civil Engineering Studies, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rotta, Missouri, January 1971, 204 pp.

Fread, D.L. and Harbaugh, T.E., " Open Channel profiles by Newton's Iteration Technique, " Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 13, April 1971, pp.70-80.

Freud, D.L., "Transient Hydraulic Simulation: Breached Earth Dams." Doctoral Dissertation, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla. Missouri, 1971, 66 pp.

Fread D.L., and Harbaugh, T.E. "Simulation Program for the Transient Hydraulics Produced by Gradually Breach Earth Dams," Hydraulic Series Bulletin, Civil Engineering Studies. Univesity of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, May 1971, 107 pp

Fread, D.L., "Discussion of 'Implicit Flood Routing in Natural Channels' by M. Amein and C.S. Fang, May 1971," Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 97, No. HY7, July 1971 pp. 1156-1159.

Fread, D.L. and Harbaugh, T.E., "Flood Waves from a Controlled Breached Dam," Report No. A-035-MO, Missouri Water Resources Research Center, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, August 1971, 56 pp.

Fread, D.L. and Harabaugh, T.E., "Transient Hydraulic imulation of Breached Earth Dams," Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.99, No. HY1, January 1973, pp. 139-154.

Fread, D.L., "Effects of Time Step Size in Implicit Dynamic Routing," Water Resources Bulletin, American Water Resource Association. Vol. 9, No.2, April 1973, pp. 338-351..

Fread, D.L., " A Technique for Implicit Flood Routing in Rivers with Major Tributaries, " Water Resources Research, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 9, No.4, August 1973, pp. 918-926.

Fread, D.L., " A dynamic Model for Stage-Discharge Relations Affected by Changing Discharge, " NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO-16 , U.S. Department of Commerce, NWS, NOAA, November 1973, 45 pp.

Fread, D.L., "Numerical Properties of Implicit Four-Point Finite Difference Equations of Unsteady Flow," NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO-18, U.S.Department of Commerce, NWS, NOAA, March 1974, 38 pp.

Fread, D.L., " Implicit Dynamic Routing of Floods and Surges in the Lower Mississippi," Paper presented at American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting in Washington, D.c., April 1974, 26 pp.

Fread, D.L., "Discussion of 'Transient Control In Lower Sacramento River' by F.J. Gientke, March 1974, " Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol, 100, No. Hy12, December 1974, pp. 1858-1859.

Fread, D.L., "Computation of Stage-Discharge Relationships Affected by Unsteady Flow," Water Resource Bulletin, American Water Resources Association, Vol. 11, No. 2, April 1975, pp. 213-228.

Fread, D.L., "Discussion of 'Comparison of Four Numerical Methods for Flood Routing' by R.K. Price , July 1974, " Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 101. No. HY3, March 1975, pp. 565-567.

Fread, D.L., " Flood Routing in Meandering Rivers with Flood Plains." Rivers '76, Proceeding of Symposium on Inland Waterways for Navigation, Flood Control and Water Diversions, Third Annual Symposium of the Waterways, Harbors, and Coastal Engineering Division of the ASCE, Colorodo State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, Vol. 1. August 1976, pp.16-35.

Fread, D.L., " Discussion of 'Finite Element Solution of Saint-Venant Equations' by R.L. Cooley and S.A. Moin, June 1976," Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 103, No. HY1, January 1977, pp. 92-95.

Fread, D.L., with Bowles, D.S. and Grenney , W.J., " Coupled Dynamic Streamflow-Temperature Modeles." Journal of the Hydraulicty of Civil Engineers, Vol. 103, No. HY5, May 1977, pp. 515-530.

Fread, D.L., with Bowles, D.S. and Grenny, W.J., "Dynamic Streamflow-Temperature Simulation Applied to the Brazos-Little River, Texas, "Paper presented at ASCE Hydraulics Division Specialty Conference in Houston, Texas, August 1977, 11 pp.

Fread, D.L., "The Development and Testing of a Dam-Break Flood Forecasting Model," Proceedings, Dam-Break Flood Modeling Workshop, U.S. Water Resources Council, Oct. 18-20, 1977, Washington, D.C., 32 pp.

Fread, D.L., and Smith, G.F., "Calibration Technique for 1-D Unsteady Flow Models, " Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 104, No. HY7, July 1978, pp. 1027-1044.

Fread , D.L., "Theoretical Development of an Implicit Dynamic Routing Model, " (In preparation for a NOAA Technical Report) NWS, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmoshperic Administration, National Weather Weather, December 1976. Revised November 1978, 120 pp.

Fread,. D.L., "National Weather Service Operational Dynamic Wave Model," Lecture Notes Presented at Seminars at Vicksburg, Mississippi; Kansas City, Missouri; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Tulsa, Oklahoma; College Park, Maryland; Davis, California; San Jose, Costa Rica; and Miami, Florida, April 1978 , 49 pp.

Fread, D.L., " NWS Operational Dynamic Wave Model," Verification of Mathematical and Physical Models in Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings, 26th Annual Hydraulics Division Specialty Conference., College Park, Maryland, August 1978, pp. 455-464.

Fread, D.L., " A Technique for Computation of DAM-BREAK Flood Inundation: The NWS DAMBRK Model," Proceedings: New Perspectives on the Safety of Dams, Hydrology; Inundation Mapping, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 28, 1979.

Fread, D.L., " Prediction of Flood Inindation from breached dams due to Earthquakes," Chapter 5, 39 pp., Tsunamis and Flood Waves Hazard Definition and Design Consideration, Subcommittee 8 -- Tsunamis and Flood Waves Interagency Committee on Seismic Saftey in Construction 1980.

Fread, D.L. "Capabilities of NWS Model to Forecast Flash Floods caused by Dam Failures," Proceedings: Second Conference on Flash Floods, March 18-20, 1980, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 171-178.

Fread, D.L., "Two Finite-Difference Hydrodynamic Models Used for River Flood Forecasting by the National Weather Service, " Lecture Notes for short course on Computational Hydraulics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, May 26-30, 1980, 97 pp.

Fread, D.L., DAMBRK: The NWS Dam-Break Flood Forecasting Model, Seminars on DAMBRK Model at Tulsa, Oklahoma; Kansas City, Missouri; Portland, Maine; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; College Park, Maryland; Columbia, South Carolina; Cincinnati, Ohio; San Jose, Costa Rica; Miami, Florida; Vicksburg, Mississippi; and Davis, California, Hydrologic Research Lab, Feb. 10, 1981, 53 pp.

Fread, D.L., " Numerical Hydrodynamic Modeling of Rivers for Flood Forecasting by The National Weather Service, International Conference on Numerical Modeling of River, Channel, and Overland Flow for Water Resources and Enviormental Applications, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, May 3-7, 1981, 12 pp.

Fread, D.L., " Flood Routing: A Synopsis of Past, Present, and Future Capability, "Proceedings: International Sympoaium on Rainfall-Runoff Modeling, Mississippi State, Mississippi, May 18-22, 1981, pp. 521-541.

Fread, D.L., and Wetmore, J.N., " The NWS Simplified Dam-Break Flood Forecasting Model", Proceedings: 5th Canadian Hydrotechnical Conferece, Frederiction, New Brunswick, May 26-27, 1981, 24 pp.

Fread, D.L., " Two-Dimensional Flow Modeling for Riverine Forecasting by the National Weather Service," Proceedings: Two-Demensional Surface Flow Modeling Seminar, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, California, July 6-10, 1981, 14 pp.

Fread, D.L., " Some Limitations of Contemporary Dam-Break Flood Routing Models," Preprint 81-525: Annual Meeting of American Society of Civil Engineers, St. Louis, Missouri, October 27, 1981, 15 pp.

Fread, D.L., " A Unified Coefficient Routing Model" presented at invited seminar , Minneapolis RFC, Hydrology Reserach Lab, March 7-11, 1983, 15 pp.

Fread, D.L., "Unsteady Flow Applications in Waterways" presented at invited seminar, Minneapolis RFC, Hydrologic Research Lab, March 7-11, 1983, 16 pp.

Fread, D.L. "Computational Extensions to Implicit Routing Models," Proceeding of Conference on Frontiers in Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE 1983 Hydralics Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 9-12, 1983, pp. 343-348

Bhattacharyya, A.K. and Fread, D.L. "Storm Surge Prediction Model and it's Application to a Combined Trunk Sewer System" Preprints of Stormwater and Water Quality Model Users' Group Meeting, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Montreal, Quebec, September 8-9, 1983, 15 pp.

Fread, D.L., "Applicability of Criteria for Kinematic and Diffusion Routing Models,"paper presented at 1983 American Water Resource Conference, San Antonio, Texas, October 1983.

Wetmore, J.N. and Fread, D.L., "The NWS Simplified Dam Break Flood Forecasting Model," Printed and Distributed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1984, 122 pp,

Fread, D.L., "A Breach Erosion Model for Earthen Dams," Proceedings of Speciality Conference on Delineation of Landslides, Flash Flood, and Debris Flow Hazards in Utah, Utah State University, June 15, 1984, 30 pp.

Fread, D.L. "An Implicit Dynamic Wave Model for Mixed Flows in Storm Networks," Proceedings, 1984 International Symposium on Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics and Sediment Control, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, July 23-25 1984, pp. 215-222.

Fread, D.L., "Channel Routing 14, Hydrological Forecasting, (Editors: M.G. Anderson and T.P. Burt) John Wiley & Sons. 1985, pp 437-503.

Fread, D.L., "Methodologies for Floods and Surges in Rivers," Proceedings of US-PRC-Japan Trilateral Symposium on Engineering for Multiple Natural Hazard Mitigation, Beijing, People Republic of China, January 1985, pp. F-2-1 to F-2-19.

Fread, D.L., "Breach: An Erosion Model for Eastern Dam Failures," Hydrologic Research Lab, January 1985, 34 pp

Fread, D.L., "Some Promising Lines of Development for Future Computer Applications in Multi-Reach Canals and Branching Systems," Proceedings: Workshop on Improving Computer Applications to Analysis, Design, and Operation of Irrigation Systems for Modifier-Demand Service, World Bank,Washington, D.C., April 11-12, 1985, 25 pp.

Fread, D.L., "A Synopsis of NWS Models for Predicting the Flooding Due to Dam Failures,"Proceedings: Acres Annual Geotechnical Seminar - 1985, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, April 26-27, 1985, 43 pp.

Fread, D.L. and Lewis, J.M., "Real-Time Hydrodynamic Modeling of Coastal Rivers,"Proceedings" Applications of Real-Time Oceanographic Circulation Modeling Symposium, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, May 23-24, 1985, 18 pp.

Fread, D.L., "An Implicit Dynamic Wave Model for Mixed Flows in Storm Drainage Networks, "Hydrologic Research Lab, November 1985, 17 pp.

Fread, D.L. and Lewis, J.M., "Parameter Optimizing for Dynamic Flood-Routing Applications with Minimal Cross-Sectional Data," Proceedings: ASCE Water Forum '86, World Water Issues in Evolution, Long Beach, California, August 4-6, 1986, pp 443-450.

Fread, D.L., "Microcomputer Models for Prediction Downstream of Breached Dams,"Proceedings: Conference on Mitigation of Hazard Due to Extreme Natural Events in America, University of Puerto RIco (Mayaguez Campus), Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, January 20-23, 1987.

Fread, D.L., "NWS Dam Breach Models for Microcomputers." Invited Paper presented at ASCE Annual Conference of Irrigation and Drainage Division, July 28-31, 1987, Portland, Oregon.

Fread, D.L., McMahon, G.F., and Lewis, J.M., "Limitations of Level-Pool Routing in Reservoirs," Third Water Resources Operations Management Workshop on Computerized Decision-Support Systems for Water Managers, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 27-30, 1988.

Fread, D.L. and Lewis, J.M., "FLDWAV: A Generalized Flood Routing Model," Proceedings of National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, Colorado, August 8-12, 1988.

Fread, D.L., "NWS Models that Forecast Dam-Breach Floods." Proceedings: WMO Technical Conference on the Hydrology of Disasters. Geneva, Switerland, November 2-3, 1988, pp. 192-211.

Fread, D.L., "Numerical Flood Routing Models Used in NWS," Proceedings of the PRC/US Flood Forecasting and Hydrologic Information Seminar, Portalnd, Oregon, March 2-3, 1988, pp. 279-314.

Fread, D.L., "Flood Routing Models and the Manning n," Proceedings of the International Conference on Channel Flow and Catchment Runoff, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, May 22-26, 1989, pp 421-435

Fread, Danny L., Smith, George F., and Day, Gerald N., "The Role of Real-Time Interactive Processing in Support of Water Resources Forecasting in the Modernized Weather Service," Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Internactive Information and Processing Systems or Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, New Orleans, Lousiana, January 13-18, 1991.

Forecasting in the Modernized Weather Service

Fread, D.L., Lewis, Janice M., and Wiele, Stephen M., "The NWS Simplified Dam-Break Flood Forecasting Model," Hydrologic Research Lab, revised 12/18/91, 47 pp.

Fread, D.L., "Chapter 10: Flow Routing," Handbook of Hydrology, editor E.R. Maidment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, (1992), pp. 10.1-10.36.

Fread, D.L., "NWS River Mechanics: Some Recent Developments," Presented at the US/PRC Flood Forecasting Symposium/Workshop, Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China, April 14-17,1992, 32 pp.

Farnsworth, Richard K., Page,Donna I., Sweeney, Timothy L., McManamon, Ann, Smith, George F., Luarine, Donald P., and Fread, D.L., "The National Weather Service's Transition to Hydrologic Modeling on Scientific Work Stations," Presented at the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's, Ft. Collins, Colorado, June 7-9, 1993.

Sweeney, Timothy L., Fread, Danny L., and Georgakakos, Konstantine P., "GIS Applications for the NWS Flash Flood Guidance Model." Presented at the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's, Ft. Collins, Colorado, June 7-9, 1993.

Fread, Danny L., Hsu, Kuang-Shen, and Lewis, Janice M., "Routing Mixed (Substritical/Supercritical) Dam-Break Flows Using NWS FLDWAV," Proceedings: 1993 International Conference on Hydro Science and Engineering, Washington, D.C., June 7-11, 1993, pp. 717-722.

Fread, Danny L., and Jin, Ming, "Real-Time Dynamic Flood Routing with NWS FLDWAV Model Using Kalman Filter Updating," Proceedings: ASCE International Symposium on Engineering Hydrology. San Francisco, California, July 25-30, 1993, pp. 946-951.

Georgakakos, K,P., Carpenter, T.M., Cramer, J.A., Sperfslage J.A., Sweeney, T.L.., and Fread, D.L., "A National System for Threshold Runoff Estimation," Proceedings: ASCE International Symposium on Engineering Hdyrology, San Francisco, California, July 25-30, 1993, pp. 952-957.

Fread, D.L., and Hsu, K.S., "Applicability of Two Simplified Flood Routing Methods: Level-pool and Muskingum-Cunge," Proceedings: ASCE National Hydraulic Engineering Conference, San Francisco, California, July 26-30, 1993, pp. 1564-1568.

Fread, D.L., and Lewis, J.M., "Selection of Delta X and Delta T Computational Steps for Four-Point Implicit Nonlinear Dynamic Routing Models," Proceedings: ASCE National Hydraulic Engineering Conference, San Francisco, California, July 26-30, 1993, pp. 1569-1573.

Jin, Ming, and Fread, Danny L., "A Kalman Filter Enhanced Real-Time Dynamic Flood Routing Model," Proceedings: IIV Congress of International Association for Hydraulic Research, Tokyo, Japan, August 30-September 3, 1993, pp. 265-272.

Fread, D. L., "NWS FLDWAV Model: The Replacement of DAMBRK for Dam-Break Flood Prediction," Proceedings: 10th Annual Conference of The Association of State Dam Safety Officials, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, September 26-29, 1993, pp. 177-184.

Fread, D.L., "NWS FLDWAV Model for Real-Time Flood Routing in the Mississippi Basin Chapter 18 - Hydraulic Models' Long-Term Analysis, presented at the Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee Workshop held at EROS Data Center, Souix Falls, South Dakota, February 15-16, 1994, 6 pp.

Fread, D.L., Chapter 7, "Dam-Break Floods," Hydrology of Distasters, Water Science and Technology Library, Department of Civil Engineering, Louisiana State University, 1994, 40 pp.

Fread, D.L., "A Pathway Toward Improving Hydrologic Predictions," Proceedings: Iowa Hydraulics Colloquium on Issues and Directions in Hydraulics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, June, 1995, 5 pp.

Modernization in the National Weather Service River and Flood Programs

Hydrometeorological Coupling for Extended Streamflow Predictions

An Extended Relaxation Technique for Modeling Unsteady Flows in Channel Networks Using the NWS FLDWAV Model

An LPI Numerical Implicit Solution for Unsteady Mixed-Flow Simulation

An Application of the LPI Solution Technique in the NWS FLDWAV Model

Channel Routing With Flow Losses

Dynamic Flood Routing With Explicit and Implicit Numerical Solution Schemes

One-Dimensional Routing of Mud/Debris Flows Using NWS FLDWAV Model

One-Dimensional Modeling of Mud/Debris Unsteady Flow

A Perspective on Hydrologic Prediction Trends

The Benefits of Hydrological Forecasting

Dam-Breach Modeling and Flood Routing: A Perspective on Present Capabilities and Future Directions

Chapter 5, Flow Routing

Improving Real-Time Hydrologic Servicesn In USA, Part I: Ensemble Generated Probabilistic Forecasts

Improving Real-Time Hydrologic Services In USA, Part II: Inundation Mapping Using Dynamic Streamflow Modeling

Recent Experience With Ensemble Streamflow Prediction in Des Moines River Basin

Abstract: Moving Hydrologic Research Into NWS Forecasting Operations

National Threshold Runoff Estimation Utilizing GIS in Support of Operational Flash Flood Warning Systems