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Oh+'Oh+'0` x       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~WPC ~ 'z2{%)7n |"XXXX'33' >"4lI" k?4P t#C(l(+/:3*88<>q INS$VlZaMbd]imrMr uulwAyWPC '=  '2  I  .3  ..2  A  .3  By:AndyBryant-#789-2  I  .3  DataCollectionandDelivery....2  1  .3  LessonGoal:ToidentifyanddescribedatacollectionanddeliveryprocessesthatareusedbyhydrometeorlogicalapplicationsintheNWS...2  A  .3  `Lessonobjectives:Identify`datacollectionsourcesanddeliveryprocesses..2  A  .3  `Make`oneawareofinternetlinksofthedatacollectionsourcesanddeliveryprocesses-#*+,-2  I  .3  DataCollectionandDelivery....2  1  .3  DataSourcesandDissemination..2  A  .3  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx`HADSc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@`-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcHydrometeorologicalAutomatedDataSystem..2  A  .3  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx`ALERTc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@`-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcԀAutomatedLocalEvaluationinRealTime..2  A  .3  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx`IFLOWSc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@`-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcIntegratedFloodObservingandWarningSystem..2  A  .3  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx`ROSA`က-RemoteObservationSystemAutomation..2  A  .3  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx`RAWSc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@`-RemoteAutomaticWeatherStations(/.-(2  I  .3  DataCollectionandDelivery....2  1  .3  DataSourcesandDissemination(continued)..2  A  .3  `NOHRSC`-NationalOperationalHydrologicRemoteSensingCenter..2  A  .3  `SNOTEL`-SNOwpackTELemetry..2  A  .3  `MESONETS`-State,local,orotherdatanetworks," ,2  I  .3  HADS....2  1  .3  HydrometeorologicalAutomatedDataSystemhttp://tgsv5.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hads/what_is_hads.html..2  A  .3     @Overview   @:..2  A  .3  Real-timeandnearreal-timedataacquisition,dataprocessinganddatadistributionaretheattributesofHADS...2  A  .3  Operationsofthissystemencompassacooperativeeffortinvolvinganumberoffederal,stateandlocalagencies'>?  '2  I  .3  HADS....2  1  .3     @HydrometeorologicalAutomatedDataSystem   @   @Over8,000Stations   @##2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @HydrometeorologicalAutomatedDataSystemHADS   @   @existsinsupportofNWSactivitiesofnationalscope    @..2  A  .3  FloodandFlashFloodWarningprogramsadministeredbytheweatherserviceforecastofficesandriverforecastcenters..2  A  .3  HADScreateddataproductsthatbolsterseveralotherNWSprogramareas..2  A  .3  Includes:fireweathersupportservices,localandnationalanalysisofprecipitationevents,hydrologicmodeling,..2  A  .3  FutureHADSwillassistwiththeverificationofNEXRADprecipitationestimates.')  '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @HydrometeorologicalAutomatedDataSystemhttp://tgsv5.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hads/HADS   @(continued)    @..2  A  .3  DataacquisitionaspectofHADSinvolvesthereceiptofrawhydrologicandmeteorologicobservationmessagesfrom....2  1  .3  GeostationaryOperationalEnvironmentalSatellites(GOES)DataCollectionPlatforms(DCPs)andLARCdatafromCADAS*..2  A  .3  NWSoperatesarelativelysmallnetworkofDCPswhilethevastmajorityoftheseobservingsystemsareownedandoperatedbyfederal,stateandlocalagencieswhosharetheirdataresourceswiththeNWS(  (2  I  .3  ALERT....2  1  .3  ԀAutomatedLocalEvaluationinRealTimehttp://www.alertsystems.org/..2  A  .3  Methodofusingremotesensorsinthefieldtotransmitenvironmentaldatatoacentralcomputerinrealtime...2  A  .3  Standardwasdevelopedinthe1970'sbytheNationalWeatherServiceandhasbeenusedbytheNationalWeatherService,U.S.GeologicalSurvey,ArmyCorpsofEngineers,BureauofReclamation,numerousstateandlocalagencies,andinternationalorganizations.'   '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @AutomatedLocalEvaluationinRealTime   @   @BenefitsofUsing   @   @ALERT   @   @Technology:   @..2  A  .3  LowCost/HighBenefitsRatio..2  A  .3  RealTimeDataAcquisition..2  A  .3  AutomatedHydrologic/HydraulicModeling..2  A  .3  AutomatedWarnings..2  A  .3  EstablishedReliableTechnologyinWorldWideUse"A "2  I  .3  RegionalAlertUserGroups((2  I  .3  IFLOWS....2  1  .3  IntegratedFloodObservingandWarningSystemhttp://www.afws.net/main.htm..2  A  .3  ConceptoftheIntegratedFloodObservingandWarningSystem(IFLOWS)hasbeendevelopedextensivelysincethecreationoftheNationalFlashFloodProgramDevelopmentPlanin1978..2  A  .3  GoalsoftheIFLOWSProgramaretosubstantiallyreducetheannuallossoflifefromflashfloods,reducepropertydamage,andreducedisruptionofcommerceandhumanactivities##2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @IntegratedFloodObservingandWarningSystem   @   @Developthe   @   @IFLOWS   @concept   @..2  A  .3  ԀNationalWeatherService(NWS)beganajointeffortwithselectedstatesintheAppalachianRegionoftheUnitedStates..2  A  .3  toundertaketheestablishmentanddevelopmentofaflashfloodwarningsystemtoimprovefloodwarningcapabilitiesinthatRegion##2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @IntegratedFloodObservingandWarningSystemIFLOWS   @   @(continued)   @..2  A  .3  Ԁ1979-NWSfirstbegandevelopmentofaprototypeIFLOWSsystemtouseasamodelforexpansionintootherareas..2  A  .3  Ԁ3-state,12-countyareaalongthebordersofVirginia,WestVirginia,andKentuckywasselectedfortheprototype....2  1  .3  becauseofitssusceptibilitytofloodinganditslackofexistingfloodwarningsystemsandavailablecommunicationscircuitstotiethis3-stateareatogether' '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @IntegratedFloodObservingandWarningSystemIFLOWS   @   @Today   @..2  A  .3  IFLOWStechnologyhasnowspreadwellbeyondthesevenoriginalstates..2  A  .3  Numerouscommunities,stateandfederalagenciesarenowlinkedinawideareacommunicationsnetworkusingthistechnology..2  A  .3  ThisAutomatedFloodWarningSystems(AFWS)networkconnectsnumerouslocalfloodwarningsystems,andintegratesandsharesinformationfromapproximately250computersand1500sensorsin13states."@ "2  I  .3  MapbelowisapictureofthestateswhoseAutomatedFloodWarningSystem(AFWS)arepartofanIFLOWSnetwork.(01(2  I  .3  ROSA....2  1  .3  RemoteObservationSystemAutomation..2  A  .3     @Primarypurpose:   @....2  1  .3     @AutomatethecollectionofhydrologicdatafromtheCooperativeNetworks....2  1  .3     @Incorporateintoreal-timeNWSforecasts   @....2  1  .3     @Radargroundtruthverification....2  1  .3     @ProgramtofacilitatetheflowofhydrologicinformationdirectlyintoAWIPS   @#23#2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @RemoteObservationSystemAutomationROSA   @   @(continued)   @..2  A  .3  OrginalimplementationofROSA-1983..2  A  .3  Touchtonephonesreplaceencoderpads-1989..2  A  .3  COMPU-ROSA-allowsdatatobequicklyandeasily....2  1  .3     @enteredthroughtheCWOspersonalcomputer   @....2  1  .3  ObservationsenteredintotheCoopobservercomputerisautomatically....2  1  .3  TransmitteddirectlytotheROSAhostcomputervia....2  1  .3  amodem....2  1  .3  COMPU-ROSAisnotusedthroughouttheNWS..2  A  .3     @WX-CODER   @-   @W   @eb   @X   @mitted   @C   @ooperative   @O   @bserver   @D   @ata   @E   @ncoded   @R   @eport-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(centralregiononly10/2000)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx," ,2  I  .3  RAWS....2  1  .3     @RemoteAutomaticWeatherStations   @..2  A  .3     @Maintained   @byFederalandStateagenciesforthepurposeofenvironmentalmonitoring..2  A  .3  Weatherstationsareparticularly   @importantfor   @   @monitoring   @theweatherinfluenceonwildlandfuelsforfiredangercalculation..2  A  .3     @RAWS   @provideadatasourceforfireweatherforecastinginremoteareas' '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @RemoteAutomaticWeatherStationsRAWS   @   @(continued)   @   @http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/raws/raws2.html   @..2  A  .3     @Observations   @presentedonthelatestBoiseFireWeatherwebpages,arethelatestdatareceivedattheNationalInteragencyFireCenter..2  A  .3     @NationalWeatherService   @,amongotherfederalagencies,maintainsaRAWSdatabase,andmonitorstheweatherdatacollectedbythisnetwork.," ,2  I  .3  NOHRSC....2  1  .3  NationalOperationalHydrologicRemoteSensingCenterhttp://www.nohrsc.nws.gov/..2  A  .3     @MissionStatement   @:..2  A  .3  NationalWeatherService(NWS)centerofexpertiseinsatelliteandairborneremotesensingandgeographicinformationsystems(GIS)..2  A  .3  ԀUsedtosupporttheNWSoperationalhydrologyprogramfortheNation' '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @NationalOperationalHydrologicRemoteSensingCenterNOHRSC   @`   @(continued)   @..2  A  .3  CenterprovidesremotelysensedandGIShydrologyproducts..2  A  .3  GISapplicationsandspatialdatasetsinformatandtimeframerequiredtosupportvariousresearch,developmentalandoperationalhydrologyprogramsconductedatlocal,regionalandnationalscales(CDB(2  I  .3  NationalOperationalHydrologicRemoteSensingCenterNOHRSC(continued)....2  1  .3  ProgramsandProductGenerations..2  A  .3     @AirborneGammaSnowSurveyProgram   @@....2  1  .3  GammaSurveyProgram....2  1  .3  PhysicsofGammaSWEDetection..2  A  .3     @SatelliteSnowCoverMappingProgram   @@....2  1  .3  OperationalAutomatedProductionofDaily,High-resolution,....2  1  .3  Cloud-freeSnowCoverMapsoftheContinentalU.S.....2  1  .3  SnowCoverMappingusingthethetaImageClassifier..2  A  .3     @OperationalProductGeneration   @@....2  1  .3  OperationalProcessingofMulti-SourceSnowData....2  1  .3  SpatialDistributionofSnowWaterEquivalentObservationsinMountainousTerrain   @@! 2  I  .3  (&'((2  I  .3  SNOTEL....2  1  .3  SNOwpackTELemetryhttp://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/w_data.html..2  A  .3  NaturalResourcesConservationService(   @NRCS   @)developedanetworkofsnowpackmonitoringstations..2  A  .3  ԀStationsmonitorthewatercontentofthesnowpackandcollectothermeteorologicaldata#% #2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @SNOTEL   @   @(continued)   @..2  A  .3     @Snowsurveyors   @and   @watermanagers   @realizedearlyinthedevelopmentoftheprogramthattimelyforecastingandmanagementdecisionsrequiredmorefrequentmeasurementsandadditionalinformation..2  A  .3  Neededawaytosurveyparticularlyremoteandhazardoussnowpacks..2  A  .3  SNOTEL'sautomaticsensinganddatatransmissionwerethesolution##!#2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @SNOTEL   @   @(continued)   @..2  A  .3  TypicalSNOTELremotesiteconsistsof....2  1  .3  measuringdevicesandsensors....2  1  .3  ashelterhousefortheradiotelemetryequipment....2  1  .3  anantennathatalsosupportsthesolarpanelsusedtokeepbatteriescharged'$" '2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3     @SNOTEL   @   @(continued)   @..2  A  .3     @Standardsensorconfigurationincludes   @:....2  1  .3  Ԁsnowpillows......2  a  .3     snowpillowsareenvelopesofstainlesssteelorsyntheticrubbercontaininganantifreezesolution.Assnowaccumulatesonthepillows,itexertspressureonthesolution.   @....2  1  .3  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